Exam Review
- An HIV-positive patient is hospitalized for evaluation of symptoms of progressive weakness, dyspnea, weight loss, and low-grade fever. A biopsy of lung tissue reveals Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. This diagnosis means that the patientA)cannot be treated.B)has AIDS.C)has less than 2 years to live.D)was an intravenous drug user.
- After studying about viruses, which information indicates the student has a good understanding of viruses?A)Replicate their genetic material inside host cellsB)Are easily killed by antimicrobialsC)Contain no DNA or RNAD)Are capable of independent reproduction
- Which modes of transmission occur with HIV infection? (Select all that apply)(SATA)A)Blood product transmissionB)Perinatal transmission to fetusC)Airborne transmissionD)Sexual transmission
- A patient comes to the clinic for a herpes-zoster infection? (Select all that apply)A)Amphotericin BB)AcyclovirC)An azole groupD)Tamiflu
Exam Review
- After starting an antiviral protease inhibitor, a patient with HIV telephones the nurse, complaining, "I'm so hungry and thirsty all the time! I'm urinating 10 or 12 times a day." The nurse recognizes these findings to be consistent with:A)Nonadherence to the antiviral regimenB)Allergic reactionC)Pancreatic infiltration by HIVD)Hyperglycemia
- Anurse is discussing intravenous Amphotericin B treatment with a nursing student who is about to care for a patient with a systemic fungal infection. Which statement by the student indicates a need for further teaching?A)There is an infusion reaction to Amphotericin BB)Infusions of Amphotericin B should be administered rapidlyC)The IV site should be rotated frequently to reduce the risk of phlebitis or use bigger vein for the treatment like central lineD)Amphotericin B is for treatment of fungal infection
- A nurse is discussing intravenous Amphotericin B treatment with a nursing student who is about to care for a patient with a systemic fungal infection. Which statement by the student indicates a need for further teaching?A)There is an infusion reaction to Amphotericin BB)Infusions of Amphotericin B should be administered rapidlyC)The IV site should be rotated frequently to reduce the risk of phlebitis or use bigger vein for the treatment like central lineD)Amphotericin B is for treatment of fungal infection
- A provider has ordered oral voriconazole [Vfend] which is an azole medication for a patient who has a systemic fungal infection. The nurse obtains a medication history and learns that the patient takes anticoagulant medication Warfarin. The nurse will contact the provider to discuss which possibility?A)Using a different antifungal agentB)Reducing the dose of voriconazoleC)Administering intravenous voriconazoleD)Increasing the dose of Warfarin
Exam Review
- What is the primary cause of hepatic encephalopathy (from chronic liver disease)?A)Decreased cerebral blood flowB)Impaired ammonia metabolismC)Hyperbilirubinemia and jaundiceD)Fluid and electrolyte imbalances
- A 19-year-old presents with abdominal pain in the right lower quadrant. Physical examination reveals rebound tenderness and a low-grade fever. A possible diagnosis would be:A)Bowel obstructionB)HepatitisC)AppendicitisD)Colon cancer
- A 31-year-old female is diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. Which of the following will be part of the treatment plan?(SATA)A)nasogastric suctioningB)narcotic analgesicsC)steroid therapyD)restriction of food intakeE)IV fluids
- What is the primary clinical manifestation of greatest concern with a peptic ulcer?A)pulmonary embolismB)bleedingC)bowel obstructionD)hepatomegaly
Exam Review
- A 52-year-old female presents with continuous abdominal pain that intensifies after eating. She is diagnosed with chronic pancreatitis. Contributing factors include:(SATA)A)alcohol abuseB)bulimiaC)history of gallstonesD)bacterial infection
- A 50-year-old is diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This condition is caused by:A)loss of muscle tone at the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)B)sympathetic nerve stimulationC)fibrosis of the lower third of the esophagusD)reverse peristalsis of the stomach
- The primary causes of duodenal ulcers include:(SATA)A)H. pylori infection.B)Side effects of antibiotics.C)Trauma.D)Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).E)Chronic alcohol (ETOH) abuse.
- Patients with acute pancreatitis are generally made NPO (nothing by mouth) and may require gastric suctioning via NG tube, in order to:A)Prevent abdominal distention.B)Prevent mechanical obstruction of the intestine.C)Limit pancreatic secretion.D)Prevent hyperglycemia associated with loss of insulin secretion.
Exam Review
- Tissue damage in pancreatitis is initially triggered by:A)Insulin toxicity.B)Autoimmune destruction of the pancreas.C)Hydrochloric acid reflux into the pancreatic duct.D)Backup of pancreatic enzymes.
- The signs and symptoms of large bowel obstruction are:A)Epigastric pain and rectal bleeding.B)Fluid overload and passing gas.C)Abdominal distention and hypogastric pain.D)Diarrhea and excessive thirst.
- A 54-year-old reports vomiting blood. Tests reveal portal hypertension. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this condition?A)Left ventricular failure.B)Cirrhosis of the liver.C)Thrombosis in the spleen.D)Renal stenosis.
- The bile salts are synthesized fromA)fatty acidsB)testosteroneC)cholesterolD)lecithin