A 92-year-old woman is brought unconscious to the emergency room from a nursing home. Her blood pressure is 70/30 mm Hg. She is febrile (102°F) and breathing rapidly (tachypneic). Laboratory studies demonstrate an elevated white blood cell count with 92% segmented neutrophils. Urinalysis reveals gram-negative organisms. Which of the following types of shock most likely accounts for this patient's signs and symptoms?