A nurse is assisting in the care of a client who is at risk for shoulder dystocia. Which of the following manifestations indicate that shoulder dystocia is occurring?

One of the fetal hands presents alongside the fetal head.

The fetal head emerges, then retracts against the perineum.

The second stage of labor is shorter than expected.

During the first stage of labor, the fetal head is facing the front of the client who is giving birth.