A nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with emphysema. The patient has a known history of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. The nurse understands that this genetic condition:

Leads to the destruction of alveolar walls, contributing to emphysema development.

Causes excessive mucus production, leading to chronic bronchitis.

Increases the production of surfactant, helping to prevent alveolar collapse.

Reduces the risk of emphysema by enhancing the immune system response.