A nurse is discussing the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with a client. Which of the following factors should the nurse include as a contributor to the development of IBS?

"A dysfunction in the mucosal lining of the gastrointestinal tract contributes to the manifestations of IBS."

"IBS manifestations are due to the overproduction of prostaglandins leading to increased bowel motility."

"IBS is primarily caused by the presence of Clostridium difficile in the gastrointestinal tract."

"An alteration in the interaction of the enteric nervous system and CNS contributes to the development of IBS."