A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a newly licensed nurse about the pathophysiology of Crohn's disease. Which of the following statements by the nurse indicates an understanding of the teaching?

"Crohn's disease involves inflammation that can occur anywhere along the GI tract, from mouth to anus, and in no particular pattern."

"Crohn's disease is characterized by chronic inflammation that starts in the rectum and may continue traveling up the colon."

"In Crohn's disease, the inflammatory response is well-coordinated and limited to the ileum, preventing systemic effects."

"The primary cause of Crohn's disease is an increase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha, which leads to dysfunction in the appropriate recognition of antigens."