A patient has been diagnosed with a thrombus in the popliteal vein. When asked what causes deep vein thrombosis (DVT), the nurse would include which factors in a response?

Increased hydrostatic pressure causing twisted and distorted surface veins

Venous congestion and edema

Venous stasis, hypercoagulability, and injury to the blood vessel wall

Plaque rupture, thrombus formation, and infarction