An adult male client tells the nurse that he smokes approximately one pack of cigarettes daily. How can the nurse expect smoking to affect this client's sleep?

He would sleep soundly during the first half of the night, with increased arousals during the second half.

He would have difficulty falling asleep and sleep very lightly with more frequent arousals.

Decrease the need for rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.

Increase sleep latency and reduce total sleep time.