As the unit manager, you are interested in determining whether patient autonomy is preserved through informed consent in surgical settings. You determine that participatory action research is the best method to address this task. Which of the following is consistent with a participatory action research design?

You circulate a Questionnaire to patients who recently underwent surgery and ask for their opinions regarding consent.

Data is analyzed and the findings distributed to administration and other groups.

You interview 125 patients who have recently undergone surgery and transcribe the interviews to determine themes which are validated with an expert.

An audit is undertaken of signed consents for treatment to determine if the consent is properly witnessed and signed to inform policy changes.

You meet with a patient group to determine which Questions should be asked about patient informed consent and what issues might be encountered.