One of your staff nurses asks for your advice because a patient refuses to sign a consent for surgery. The patient says that he won't sign because he doesn't understand the nature of the surgery. You advise that: (Select all that apply.)

The patient has a right to choose not to consent.

Consent must not be coerced.

Consent for life-saving surgery is always mandatory.

The patient must sign the consent because the doctor wants him to sign.

Minors can consent to procedures in the absence of parents or guardians.