The nurse is informed that a patient had abnormal heart sounds during the night shift. When auscultating abnormal heart sounds, the nurse knows to listen to heart sounds with the:

bell of the stethoscope on top of the patient's gown.

diaphragm of the stethoscope directly on the patient's skin.

diaphragm of the stethoscope on top of the patient's gown.

bell of the stethoscope directly on the patient's skin.