The client with nephrolithiasis, who has hematuria and is complaining of pain, rates it as a 9 on a 0 to 10 pain scale.
The client with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis who has hematuria with a smoky appearance.
The client with interstitial cystitis who has urinary urgency and pain in the bladder.
The client with Goodpasture syndrome who has pallor, anemia, and renal failure.