The parents of a newborn with a small ventricular septal defect (VSD) are concerned about the prognosis for their child. Which information should the nurse provide the parents?

Intracardiac blood flow can affect valvular function if the VSD is left untreated.

Surgical repair is recommended to prevent complications in normal growth.

A poor outcome is common after surgical repair of the VSD.

Small VSDs may close spontaneously by 2 years of age.