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    Exam Review

    1. Who is accredited for the discovery of penicillin?
      A)Fleming
      B)Ehrlich
      C)Pasteur
      D)Lister
    2. Who is accredited for establishing hygiene standards in healthcare settings?
      A)Louis Pasteur
      B)Robert Koch
      C)Rudolf Virchow
      D)Florence Nightingale
    3. The ability to respond to a stimulus is an example of
      A)order of complexity
      B)sensitivity
      C)evolution
      D)homeostasis
    4. The purpose of Koch's postulates was to
      A)determine the type of yeast that would produce the best tasting wine.
      B)determine why milk spoils.
      C)disprove spontaneous generation.
      D)prove the identity of the microbe that caused a disease.
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    Exam Review

    1. Development refers to
      A)the process of producing more cells
      B)the process of producing larger cells
      C)the process of responding to environmental changes
      D)the process of changing from an original form to a final form
    2. The first step in the scientific method is
      A)collect data.
      B)draw conclusions.
      C)state a hypothesis.
      D)make an observation.
      E)design an experiment.
    3. All of the following describes enzymes, except
      A)enzymes are made of protein
      B)enzymes can be denatured
      C)enzymes can only work one time
      D)enzymes can be found in biological organisms
    4. An acid is
      A)a compound that removes H+ ions from a solution
      B)a compound that releases OH- ions into a solution
      C)a compound that releases H+ ions into a solution
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    Exam Review

    1. The chemical reaction that uses water to break a covalent bond is called a ________ reaction.
      A
      Option A
      A)aquatic
      B)hydrolysis
      C)dehydration (or condensation)
      D)hydratic
    2. All of the following describe(s) an enzyme, except
      A)An enzyme speeds up a chemical reaction in living organisms.
      B)An enzyme is a biological catalyst.
      C)An enzyme reacts with the reactants and becomes part of the products.
      D)An enzyme is specific to the chemical reaction it catalyzes.
    3. A solution maintains a pH of 4 even when some base is added to it. This means the solution is
      A)water
      B)a buffer
      C)an alcohol
      D)organic
    4. A buffer is a solution that maintains a pH of 7.
      A)True
      B)False
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    Exam Review

    1. Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized?
      A)slime layer
      B)fimbriae
      C)cell membrane
      D)capsule
    2. Which of the following organelles is found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
      A)Mitochondria
      B)Ribosomes
      C)Nucleus
      D)Lysosomes
      E)All of the above
    3. Lipid A
      A)is found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria
      B)is considered an endotoxin
      C)can cause fever, inflammation, and blood clotting in patients
      D)All of the above
    4. Mycoplasmas are pleomorphic because they
      A)have no cell walls.
      B)produce endospores.
      C)exhibit snapping division.
      D)have sterols in their cytoplasmic membranes.
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    Exam Review

    1. A microbial species is able to survive in near freezing temperatures. Its cell membrane is able to stay fluid at such temperatures because
      A)it has sterols (like cholesterol) in its membrane
      B)it has a higher amount of protein in its membrane
      C)it has a thicker glycocalyx
      D)it has a thick cell wall
    2. Which bacterial genus normally lacks a cell wall?
      A)Staphylococcus
      B)Bacillus
      C)Mycoplasma
      D)Clostridium
    3. The function of bacterial endospores is
      A)conversion of gaseous nitrogen to a usable form for plants.
      B)reproduction and growth.
      C)protection of genetic material during harsh conditions.
      D)storage of excess cell materials.
      E)as sites for photosynthesis
    4. The bacteria in this image would be considered
      A)streptobacilli
      B)streptococci
      C)staphylococci
      D)palisades
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