Exam Review
- The failure of the lungs to adequately eliminate CO2 results in?A)metabolic acidosisB)metabolic alkalosisC)respiratory acidosisD)respiratory alkalosis
- The nurse is aware that which of the following results when a decreased concentration of hydrogen ions occurs within body fluids?A)They become acidic.B)They become alkaline.C)Carbon ions are retained.D)Oxygen ions are released into the blood.
- A patient is experiencing respiratory acidosis. Which organ system is responsible for compensation in this patient?A)RenalB)EndocrineC)RespiratoryD)Gastrointestinal
- An emergency department nurse admits a client who has tried to commit suicide by taking an overdose of oxycodone (OxyContin). For which acid-base imbalance should the nurse assess this client?A)Respiratory acidosis.B)Metabolic acidosisC)Respiratory alkalosisD)Metabolic alkalosis
Exam Review
- The health care provider asks the nurse to monitor the fluid volume status of a heart failure patient and a patient at risk for clinical dehydration. Which is the most effective nursing intervention for monitoring both of these patients?A)Assess the patients for edema in extremities.B)Ask the patients to record their intake and output.C)Weigh the patients every morning before breakfast.D)Measure the patients' blood pressures every 4 hours.
- A nurse assesses a client who is prescribed a medication that inhibits angiotensin I from converting into angiotensin II (angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor). For which expected therapeutic effect should the nurse assess?A)Blood pressure decrease from 180/72 mm Hg to 144/50 mm HgB)Daily weight increase from 55 kg to 57 kgC)Heart rate decrease from 100 beats/min to 82 beats/minD)Respiratory rate increase from 12 breaths/min to 15 breaths/min.
- The regulatory system of acid-base balance takes the longest time to respond, and regulates pH of extracellular (ECF) by eliminating hydrogen ions or bicarbonate in body fluids.A)chemical buffer systemB)renal systemC)respiratory systemD)endocrine system
- A patient has dehydration. While planning care, the nurse considers that the majority of the patient's total water volume exists in which compartment?A)IntracellularB)ExtracellularC)IntravascularD)Transcellular
Exam Review
- A client is brought to the Emergency Department after passing out in a local department store. The client has been fasting and has ketones in the urine. Which acid-base imbalance would the nurse expect to assess in this client?A)Metabolic acidosisB)Metabolic alkalosisC)Respiratory alkalosisD)Respiratory acidosis
- The nurse is caring for a client with a critically high potassium level (Normal is 3.5-5.0 mEq/L). The client has received sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate). The nurse determines the medication's effectiveness if the client's repeat serum potassium level is:A)5.8 mEq/LB)5.5 mEq/LC)6.2 mEq/LD)4.9 mEq/L
- A patient presents to the emergency department with reports of vomiting and diarrhea for the past 48 hours. The health care provider orders isotonic intravenous (IV) therapy. Which IV will the nurse prepare?A)0.225% sodium chloride (1/4 NS)B)0.45% sodium chloride (1/2 NS)C)0.9% sodium chloride (NS)D)3% sodium chloride (3% NaCl)
- What is a major function of potassium within the body?A)regulating cardiac enzymesB)maintaining normal nerve and muscle activityC)regulating kidney functionD)stimulating the excretion or retention of chloride
Exam Review
- The nurse is assessing a patient and finds crackles in the lung bases and neck vein distention. Which action will the nurse take first?A)Offer calcium-rich foods.B)Administer diuretic.C)Raise head of bed.D)Increase fluids.
- After teaching a client who is prescribed a restricted sodium diet, a nurse assesses the client's understanding. Which food choice for lunch indicates the client correctly understood the teaching?A)Slices of smoked ham with potato saladB)Bowl of tomato soup with a grilled cheese sandwichC)Salami and cheese on whole wheat crackersD)Grilled chicken breast with glazed carrots
- A patient is hypoventilating and retaining carbon dioxide. On which acid-base imbalance should the nurse focus when caring for this patient?A)Metabolic acidosisB)Respiratory acidosisC)Metabolic alkalosisD)Respiratory alkalosis
- A nurse is caring for a client with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and documents that the client is experiencing Kussmaul's respirations. Based on this documentation, which of the following did the nurse most likely observe?A)respirations that cease for several secondsB)Respirations that are regular but abnormally slowC)Respirations that are labored. and decreased in depth and rateD)Respirations that are abnormally deep, regular, and increased in rate
Exam Review
- A nurse is collecting data from a client who is dehydrated due to fluid volume deficit. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?A)Moist skinB)Distended neck veinsC)Increased urinary outputD)Thready pulses
- Four patients arrive at the emergency department at the same time. Which patient will the nurse see first?A)An infant with temperature of 102.2° F and diarrhea for 3 daysB)A teenager with a sprained ankle and excessive edemaC)A middle-aged adult with abdominal pain who is moaning and holding her stomachD)An older adult with nausea and vomiting for 3 days with blood pressure 112/60
- The nurse is teaching about the process of passively moving water from an area of lower particle concentration to an area of higher particle concentration. Which process is the nurse describing?A)OsmosisB)FiltrationC)DiffusionD)Active transport
- The nurse is aware that the compensating mechanism that is most likely to occur in the presence of respiratory acidosis is:A)Hyperventilation to decrease the CO2 levelsB)Hypoventilation to increase the CO2 levelsC)Retention of HCO3 by the kidneys to increase the pH levelD)Excretion of HCO3 by the kidneys to decrease the pH level