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    Exam Review

    1. Left-sided heart failure is characterized by
      A)jugular vein distention.
      B)peripheral edema.
      C)decreased systemic vascular resistance.
      D)pulmonary congestion.
    2. Which of the following would result in an increase in blood pressure?
      A)Decreased cardiac output
      B)Decreased vascular resistance
      C)Hypovolemia
      D)Vasoconstriction
    3. A 60-year-old female had a myocardial infarction. She was brought to the hospital 30 minutes later. She survived, but now the nurse is providing care for impaired ventricular function because
      A)the cells of the myocardium become hypertrophic.
      B)the resulting hypoxia leads to ischemic injury and myocardial cell death.
      C)there is a temporary alteration in electrolyte balance that can be corrected.
      D)there is too much pressure on the heart and the ventricles begin to dysfunction.
    4. The forward effects in a patient with left ventricular heart failure include (Select all that apply)(SATA)
      A)oliguria.
      B)increased heart rate.
      C)wet cough.
      D)confusion.
      E)jugular venous distention.
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    Exam Review

    1. A staff member asks a nurse to describe foam cells. The nurse's best response is that foam cells are
      A)lipid-laden mast cells that have a soap-like texture.
      B)macrophages that engulf low-density lipoproteins (LDLs).
      C)injured neutrophil clots.
      D)deposited adipose cells.
    2. A 60-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting chest pain. He is diagnosed with atherosclerosis. This disease results in:
      A)Abnormally dilated arteries and veins
      B)Arterial wall thinning and weakening
      C)Autonomic nervous system imbalances
      D)Abnormal thickening and hardening of vessel walls
    3. A 51-year-old male presents with recurrent chest pain on exertion. He is diagnosed with angina pectoris. When he asks what causes the pain, how should the nurse respond? The pain occurs when
      A)Cardiac output has fallen below normal levels.
      B)The vagus nerve is stimulated.
      C)Myocardial stretch has exceeded the upper limits.
      D)The myocardial oxygen supply has fallen below demand.
    4. Restriction of which electrolyte is recommended in the management of high blood pressure?
      A)Potassium
      B)Magnesium
      C)Calcium
      D)Sodium
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    Exam Review

    1. A patient wants to know what causes atherosclerosis. How should the nurse respond? In general, atherosclerosis is caused by
      A)an increase in antithrombotic substances.
      B)congenital heart disease.
      C)endothelial injury and inflammation.
      D)high serum potassium levels.
    2. An adult patient is admitted for an asthma attack. Which assessment obtained by the nurse would support that beta2 adrenergic agonist albuterol was effective?
      A)Decrease in wheezing present on auscultation
      B)Respiratory rate increased to 38 breaths/min
      C)Sputum production is clear and watery
      D)Use of neck muscles
    3. An adult patient is admitted for an asthma attack. Which assessment obtained by the nurse would support that beta2 adrenergic agonist albuterol was effective?
      A)Decrease in wheezing present on auscultation
      B)Respiratory rate increased to 38 breaths/min
      C)Sputum production is clear and watery
      D)Use of neck muscles
    4. A 60-year-old female with a history of cirrhosis and low serum albumin presents with dyspnea, impaired ventilation, and pleural pain. A diagnosis of pleural effusion is made, and a watery fluid is drained. When giving report, the nurse will refer to this fluid as
      A)exudative (high protein).
      B)purulent.
      C)transudative (low protein).
      D)infectious.
    Page 3 of 5

    Exam Review

    1. Empyema is defined as an
      A)infection in the blood.
      B)infection in the pleural space.
      C)exudative bronchitis.
      D)infection localized in the lung.
    2. Airway obstruction in COPD type B (chronic bronchitis) is due to
      A)hyperplasia and deformation of bronchial cartilage
      B)loss of alveolar elastin
      C)pulmonary edema
      D)thick mucus, fibrosis, and smooth muscle hypertrophy
    3. A nurse is preparing to teach the staff about asthma. Which information should the nurse include? Airway hyper-responsiveness in extrinsic asthma is related to:
      A)hereditary decrease in IgE responsiveness.
      B)increased sympathetic nervous system response.
      C)the release of stress hormones.
      D)exposure to an allergen causing mast cell degranulation.
    4. Pt has respiratory acidosis (low blood pH) due to his asthma exacerbation. What will the nurse expect to see?
      A)No change in affinity of hemoglobin with oxygen
      B)Decrease in affinity of hemoglobin with oxygen
      C)Increase in affinity of hemoglobin with oxygen
      D)Decrease in blood CO2
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    Exam Review

    1. When assessing an individual during an acute (severe) asthma episode, you should expect to find (select all that apply)(SATA)
      A)use of accessory breathing muscles.
      B)foul-smelling sputum.
      C)feeling of chest tightness.
      D)coughing.
      E)expiratory wheezing.
    2. What is ejection fraction?
      A)Percentage of blood that leaves the heart in a minute
      B)Percentage of blood that leaves the heart with each beat
      C)Amount of blood that leaves the heart with each beat
      D)Amount of blood that leaves the heart in a minute
    3. A nurse is preparing to teach the staff about asthma. Which information should the nurse include? Airway obstruction contributing to increased airflow resistance and hypoventilation in asthma is caused by:
      A)Collapse of the cartilaginous rings in the bronchi.
      B)Type II alveolar cell injury and decreased surfactant.
      C)Alveolar changes and pulmonary congestion.
      D)Mucus secretion, bronchoconstriction, and airway edema.
    4. A patient newly diagnosed with left-sided heart failure is admitted to the hospital. The nurse will observe this patient closely for:
      A)Jugular vein distension.
      B)Increased blood pressure.
      C)Hepatomegaly.
      D)Decreased urine output.
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